New Classical Languages in India

• Total Classical Languages (till 2024): 11

• Earlier recognized (6): Tamil, Sanskrit, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia

• Newly recognized (5 in 2024): Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, Bengali

Significance of Classical Language Status

• Custodians of India’s ancient cultural legacy.

• Preserve rich history, literature, traditions of respective communities.

• Status conferred to honor and protect linguistic milestones.

• Ensures future generations can access and appreciate historical roots.

Criteria for Declaring a Classical Language

2004 (Initial Criteria)

1. High antiquity of early texts/recorded history over 1000 years.

2. A body of ancient literature/texts valued as heritage.

3. Original literary tradition (not borrowed).

2005 Revision

1. High antiquity of early texts/recorded history over 1500–2000 years.

2. Ancient literature/texts considered valuable heritage.

3. Original literary tradition (not borrowed).

4. Distinction from modern forms (possible discontinuity with later forms/offshoots).
   👉 Sanskrit declared Classical (2005).

2024 Revision

1. High antiquity of early texts/recorded history over 1500–2000 years.

2. Ancient literature/texts considered heritage.

3. Inclusion of knowledge texts, prose, epigraphical & inscriptional evidence (not just poetry).

4. Classical language & literature may be distinct or discontinuous from modern forms/offshoots.

5. Recommended for recognition: Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, Bengali.
   👉 Approved on October 03, 2024 by Union Cabinet (PM Narendra Modi).

Timeline of Recognition